Unified Data Model

A relational database (MySQL or Oracle) allows efficient multi-user management and secured transfer of models. This eases data access and preparation, analysis QC, workflow design and reporting. The access of the database is done via an authentication server. Clusters may also be configured to run heavy computational work.

Petrel^TM Plugin

Using the Schlumberger SIS Ocean^TM Development Kit, Grids and properties and well data can be seamlessly transferred into Pumaflow.

Eclipse^TM GRDECL Import

Grids can be exchanged between industry-wide geomodelling software in standard file formats (GRDECL, Rescue, RESQML) and directly imported into Pumaflow.

PVT

Black Oil and Compositional PVT data can be directly imported using Eclipse format. PVTFlow allows the user to create PVT models or tune EOS with a wide range of utilities, which may subsequently be used directly in the PumaFlow simulation model. The user-friendly interface allows for manual edit of PVT Data prior to load and a subsequent visualization of the PVT properties.

Faults

Faults are defined as inter-cell connections which can be imported directly in Eclipse^TM format or manually created by selecting faces between cells. The interactive 3D viewer allows the modification of fault transmissibility multiplier and fault faces. Variable shift faults, diagonal direction faults, local layers and pinch-outs can all be accurately modelled.

Subgridding

For fractured reservoirs, using the dual medium option, there is a user-friendly definition of matrix and fracture superposed gridding. Subgrid facilities with Cartesian meshes such as LGRs can also be created around wells to simulate coning or cusping where such a high degree of grid resolution is required.

Defining Regions

After model or object creation such as traps (initial states), rock types with varying relative permeability models and rock compressibility sets, a user-friendly wizard allows the user to interactively associate these objects to regions. These created regions can be visualized via the 3D viewer and map editors.

Petrophysics

Petrophysical properties can be explicitly defined for matrix and fractures particularly in fractured reservoirs. Other properties such as non-Darcy flow, anisotropy, varying compositional gradient can also be defined. Boundary conditions (no-flow, constant pressure, aquifer) can be defined for any segment of the reservoir with the connection object cells viewed interactively via the 3D viewer.

Initial State (Traps)

The initial fluid contacts and pressures are defined using an interactive wizard for several regions in hydrostatic equilibrium. Alternatively, the initial state (traps) description can be imported via a generic file in Eclipse^TM format. Varying saturation pressures, temperature and salinity gradients can also be defined.

Relperm and Pc Data

The KrPc model may be imported from a data file in Eclipse^TM format or created using the interactive editor. Additional options such as hysteresis, end-point scaling, J-function, analytical Corey coefficients are also available to the user. Different models are available to compute the 3-phase oil relative permeability curves.

Quality Control

Several plot options are available for QC of grid and properties prior to simulation. Mathematical and logical operations on grid properties may be carried out using the formula view and filters. A statistics viewer with histograms and crossplots is also available to QC operations made with the formula view and visualize statistical distributions of created grid properties.

Well Data Load

Well paths and logs can be directly imported from data files in ASCII or LAS format. Well dynamic data production/injection history, RFT/PLT/PTA can also be imported from ASCII or OFM file formats. It is possible to modify the imported pressure and production data via the interactive editor.

Well Controls/Schedule

A multi-level organisation exists whereby production constraints can be setup on a well, group or field basis. Additional options for gas-lift optimisation, generic cycle definitions for WAG, Huff &Puff, and slugs are available. Pressure drop in tubing is calculated from VFP tables imported from Prosper or Amethyste in Eclipse^TM format.

Eclipse^TM Schedule Importer

There is a possibility to import a schedule file in Eclipse^TM format consisting of a discretized description of wells, production constraints and Productivity Index (PI)/Productivity Index Multiplier (MPI) data.

Running

The simulation can be run on clusters on both Windows and Linux platforms. Various numerical solver algorithms optimized for large and super-large grids are available. The user has the option to export the simulation file as a keyword simulation file or in XML format that can be re-imported later in a project.

Output Visualization

Several tools are available in the graph viewer and animation panel to view production tree results (well, perforation, production groups), initial state and grid results. These results can be exported as images to external files. Reporting files are available giving details on simulation time steps to check if the simulation is properly completed.

Windowing

Parts of a grid (sector/window) can be run using boundary conditions at the limits of the window derived from a full-field run. This reduced-size model runs faster and can assist the user in assessing the impact of a myriad of processes on recovery/results under a limited simulation time.

EOR

Chemical EOR: Here, diffusion and dispersion of chemical additives are properly accounted for. Several options include Polymer, surfactant, Alkaline and Foam are available.

Thermal EOR: This option is available in both black oil and compositional context for simulating steam injection and well formation heating.

CO2 EOR: The compositional option is available when modelling multi-components in all phases as in the case for CO2 EOR. This then accounts correctly for swelling effects in oil and gas dissolution in water. Automatic gas cycling and dynamic definition of surface equipment working under various conditions are also available.